References
[1] Lindsay, M P, et al. (2019). World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2019 [J]. Int J Stroke, 14 (8), 806-17.
[2] Gadidi, V, et al. (2011). Long-Term Outcome Poststroke: Predictors of Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction [J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92 (11), 1802-08.
[3] Winstein, C J, et al. (2016). Guidelines for Adult Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association [J]. Stroke, 47 (6), E98-E169.
[4] Blumberger, D M, et al. (2018). Effectiveness of theta burst versus high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression (THREE-D): a randomised non-inferiority trial [J]. Lancet, 391 (10131), 1683-92.
[5] Huang, Y Z, et al. (2005). Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex [J]. Neuron, 45 (2), 201-6.
[6] Di Pino, G, et al. (2014). Modulation of brain plasticity in stroke: a novel model for neurorehabilitation [J]. Nature Reviews Neurology, 10 (10), 597-608.
[7] Khatri, R, et al. (2012). Blood-brain barrier, reperfusion injury, and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke [J]. Neurology, 79 (13 Suppl 1), S52-7.
[8] Yang, C, et al. (2019). Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in ischemic stroke [J]. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 316 (2), C135-c53.
[9] Kaur, C and Ling, E A. (2008). Blood brain barrier in hypoxic-ischemic conditions [J]. Curr Neurovasc Res, 5 (1), 71-81.
[10] Akbar, M, et al. (2016). Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in neurodegenerative diseases through nitroxidative stress [J]. Brain Res, 1637, 34-55.
[11] Thomson, A C, et al. (2020). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Plasticity Mechanisms: TMS-Related Gene Expression and Morphology Changes in a Human Neuron-Like Cell Model [J]. Front Mol Neurosci, 13, 528396.
[12] Aydin-Abidin, S, et al. (2008). High- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation differentially activates c-Fos and zif268 protein expression in the rat brain [J]. Exp Brain Res, 188 (2), 249-61.
[13] Ljubisavljevic, M R, et al. (2015). The Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Protocols on Cortical Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury [J]. PLoS One, 10 (10), e0139892.
[14] Zong, X, et al. (2020). Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes stroke recovery by vascular protection and neovas-cularization [J]. Theranostics, 10 (26), 12090-110.
[15] Jannati, A, et al. (2023). Assessing the mechanisms of brain plasticity by transcranial magnetic stimulation [J]. Neuropsychopharmacology, 48 (1), 191-208.
[16] Lisman, J. (1989). A mechanism for the Hebb and the anti-Hebb processes underlying learning and memory [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86 (23), 9574-8.
[17] Kühn, S, Gallinat, J, and Mascherek, A. (2019). Effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure, and function: a critical reflection on existing literature [J]. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 21 (3), 319-30.
[18] Lenz, M, et al. (2016). Repetitive magnetic stimulation induces plasticity of inhibitory synapses [J]. Nat Commun, 7, 10020.
[19] Boddington, L J, et al. (2020). Low-intensity contralesional electrical theta burst stimulation modulates ipsilesional excitability and enhances stroke recovery [J]. Exp Neurol, 323, 113071.
[20] Li, D, et al. (2021). Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation on spasticity and limb dyskinesia in patients with stroke [J]. BMC Neurol, 21 (1), 369.
[21] Xu, P, et al. (2021). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an alternative therapy for stroke with spasticity: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. J Neurol, 268 (11), 4013-22.
[22] Saikaley, M, et al. (2022). Network Meta-Analysis of Non-Conventional Therapies for Improving Upper Limb Motor Impairment Poststroke [J]. Stroke, 53 (12), 3717-27.
[23] Liao, L Y, et al. (2021). Cerebellar Theta-Burst Stimulation Combined With Physiotherapy in Subacute and Chronic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial [J]. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 35 (1), 23-32.
[24] Koch, G, et al. (2019). Effect of Cerebellar Stimulation on Gait and Balance Recovery in Patients With Hemiparetic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial [J]. JAMA Neurol, 76 (2), 170-78.
[25] Zhang, J J, Bai, Z, and Fong, K N K. (2022). Priming Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation for Hemiparetic Upper Limb After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial [J]. Stroke, 53 (7), 2171-81.
[26] Liao, W W, et al. (2019). Not all brain regions are created equal for improving bimanual coordination in individuals with chronic stroke [J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 130 (8), 1218-30.
[27] Fregosi, M, et al. (2017). Corticobulbar projections from distinct motor cortical areas to the reticular formation in macaque monkeys [J]. Eur J Neurosci, 45 (11), 1379-95.
[28] Sankarasubramanian, V, et al. (2017). Inhibition versus facilitation of contralesional motor cortices in stroke: Deriving a model to tailor brain stimulation [J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 128 (6), 892-902.
[29] Jacquin-Courtois, S. (2015). Hemi-spatial neglect rehabilitation using non-invasive brain stimulation: or how to modulate the disconnection syndrome? [J]. Ann Phys Rehabil Med, 58 (4), 251-58.
[30] Cha, H G and Kim, M K. (2016). Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on arm function and decreasing unilateral spatial neglect in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial [J]. Clin Rehabil, 30 (7), 649-56.
[31] Kim, B R, et al. (2013). Effect of high- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on visuospatial neglect in patients with acute stroke: a double-blind, sham-controlled trial [J]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 94 (5), 803-7.
[32] Cazzoli, D, et al. (2012). Theta burst stimulation reduces disability during the activities of daily living in spatial neglect [J]. Brain, 135 (Pt 11), 3426-39.
[33] Cao, L, et al. (2016). Intermittent θ burst stimulation modulates resting-state functional connectivity in the attention network and promotes behavioral recovery in patients with visual spatial neglect [J]. Neuroreport, 27 (17), 1261-65.
[34] Shah, P P, et al. (2013). Induction of neuroplasticity and recovery in post-stroke aphasia by non-invasive brain stimulation [J]. Front Hum Neurosci, 7, 888.
[35] Kindler, J, et al. (2012). Theta burst stimulation over the right Broca's homologue induces improvement of naming in aphasic patients [J]. Stroke, 43 (8), 2175-9.
[36] Restle, J, Murakami, T, and Ziemann, U. (2012). Facilitation of speech repetition accuracy by theta burst stimulation of the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus [J]. Neuropsychologia, 50 (8), 2026-31.
[37] Chou, T Y, et al. (2021). Low-Frequency vs. Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia in Stroke: A Proof-of-Concept Study [J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 13, 800377.
[38] Zhang, G, et al. (2019). Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation Reverses the After-Effects of Contralateral Virtual Lesion on the Suprahyoid Muscle Cortex: Evidence From Dynamic Functional Connectivity Analysis [J]. Front Neurosci, 13, 309.
[39] Rao, J, et al. (2022). Bilateral Cerebellar Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Combined With Swallowing Speech Therapy for Dysphagia After Stroke: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Clinical Trial [J]. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 36 (7), 437-48.
[40] Carlson, M C, et al. (2009). Executive decline and dysfunction precedes declines in memory: the Women's Health and Aging Study II [J]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 64 (1), 110-7.
[41] Tomassoni, D, et al. (2008), Nimodipine and its use in cerebrovascular disease: evidence from recent preclinical and controlled clinical studies [J], Clin Exp Hypertens, 30 (8), 744-66.
[42] Razza, L B, et al. (2021). Combined effects of theta-burst stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: study protocol of a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial using 99mTc-ECD SPECT [J]. Trends Psychiatry Psychother, 43 (4), 293-301.
[43] Chu, M, et al. (2022). Efficacy of Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Treatment of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment [J]. J Integr Neurosci, 21 (5), 130.
[44] Li, W, et al. (2022). Improvement of poststroke cognitive impairment by intermittent theta bursts: A double-blind randomized controlled trial [J]. Brain Behav, 12 (6), e2569.
[45] Tsai, P Y, et al. (2020). High-frequency versus theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of poststroke cognitive impairment in humans [J]. J Psychiatry Neurosci, 45 (4), 262-70.
[46] Huang, Y Z, et al. (2017). Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: A position paper [J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 128 (11), 2318-29.