Is the Doctrine of the Mean Really “Too Much Is Too Little”?

Abstract

The Doctrine of the Mean, as the core of Confucianism, has a profound cultural heritage and extensive social influence and is an important thought in Chinese philosophy. In ancient times, the doctrine of the mean was widely applied in all aspects of social life, running through various periods of Chinese social history and becoming an important force in promoting social progress and stability. It is generally believed that the Doctrine of the Mean emphasizes the "appropriate method of handling things", that is, to avoid the extreme between excess and deficiency, and to seek a balance point, which is called "too much is too little", and to use the "middle" as a means. However, in reality, the doctrine of the mean goes beyond that. A comprehensive understanding of the Doctrine of the Mean requires both moral and philosophical approaches. In addition to the philosophical concepts of "too much is too little", "stubbornness is too much", and "contingency is too much", the Doctrine of the Mean also includes the unity of "benevolence" and "propriety", as well as moral cultivation aspects such as "prudence and independence", "loyalty and forgiveness", "utmost sincerity", and "neutrality". With the changes of the times, the status and significance of the Doctrine of the Mean in modern society have also changed, and there has been a deviation in the understanding of the Doctrine of the Mean, forming incorrect understandings. However, in today's society, the doctrine of the mean still holds significant importance. This article will explore the concept and historical evolution, theoretical connotation, and practical value of the Doctrine of the Mean, and combine it with the actual situation of modern society to analyse the inspiration of the Doctrine of the Mean to contemporary society.