Abstract
Chinese cabbage is native to China, divided into Chinese cabbage and non-heading Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage is also known as celery cabbage, non-heading Chinese cabbage is also known as pakchoi, garden sass, flowering Chinese cabbage, etc.; it is one of the main leafy vegetables in various parts of China, and occupies an important position in vegetable production and market supply. Polyploid plants are morphologically enormous, manifested by the enlargement of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Chinese cabbage vegetables mainly use tender leaf clusters, leaf bulbs, flowers or young stems as edible organs, and the huge and tender edible organs are exactly what consumers need. The characteristics of the morphological giganticity of polyploid plants are particularly important in the performance of Chinese cabbage, and they are also of the most development value. In this paper, the overview of Chinese cabbage multiplication sports species, the method of colchicine induction and polyploidy of Chinese Cabbage species, the identification method of polyploidy and the characteristics of Chinese cabbage polyploidy are summarized, and the research and application potential of polyploidy induction technology in cabbage breeding is discussed. Compared with diploid plants, Chinese cabbage tetraploid plants are heavier, the leaves are enlarged, and the leaves are more rounded, so that the Chinese cabbage varieties are more robust, the yield is higher, and it can also meet the consumption needs of the people. The quality of tetraploidy in Chinese cabbage is better, and the content of chlorophyll, soluble protein, amino acids, vitamin C and soluble sugars is significantly increased compared with diploid, and the content of crude fiber is decreased. And tetraploid Chinese cabbage and diploid hybridization is not affinity, will not be naturally hybridized with other diploid Chinese cabbage, easy to keep seeds and pure. Therefore, it is of great significance to mutagenic Chinese cabbage polyploidy, cultivate new varieties of Chinese cabbage polyploidy, and promote and apply in production.
References
[1] Wang Xiaojia (chief editor). Vegetable breeding[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[2] Lv Jialong (ed.). Vegetable Cultivation (Southern Edition, 3rd Edition) [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2011.
[3] Guo Qigao, Song Ming, Liang Guolu. Research progress on polyploid induction breeding in plants[J]. Bulletin of Biology, 2000(02):8-10.
[4] Wang Zhimin, Niu Yi, Song Ming, Li Yu. Application of polyploid induction in vegetable breeding[J]. Journal of Biology, 2004, (06): 35-38.
[5] Liu Huiji, Fan Jiangang, Wang Hua, et al. Study on breeding of autotetraploids of Suzhou Chinese cabbage - I. Rapid acquisition of tetraploid mutants [J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1988(04):97-98.
[6] Liu Huiji, Cao Shouchun, Wang Hua, et al. Breeding of a new variety of dwarf yellow tetraploid non-heading cabbage from Nanjing Agricultural University[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1990(02):33-40.
[7] Liu Huiji, Zhang Shuning, Wang Hua. Breeding of a new hybrid cabbage variety Shuyou No. 1 with green stems, high quality and heat resistance [J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2002(03):22-26.
[8] Wang Yuhai, Mou Jingui, Liu Xuemin, et al. New Chinese cabbage variety Duokang 3[J]. Chinese Vegetables, 2002(05):51.
[9] Liu Xiaodong, Cao Caixia, Mou Jingui, et al. Research progress in polyploid Chinese cabbage breeding[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2008, 23(S2): 177-182.
[10] Zhang Chenghe, Shen Shuxing, Wang Yanhua, et al. Induction of autotetraploid in Chinese cabbage and its cytological study (English)[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural University, 1999(02):53-56.
[11] Hu Qiuwen, Lü Wei, Zhang Shuning, et al. Creation and characteristics of high-quality late-bolting tetraploid non-heading cabbage[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015, 38(05): 757-763.
[12] Pan Jingwen, Wang Hongyao, Li Lin, et al. Induction and identification of autotetraploid Suzhouqing of non-heading Chinese cabbage[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(30): 68-74
[13] Liu Yajuan, Li Mingyang, Qu Yunhui. Application of colchicine in polyploid breeding of garden flowers[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin (First Half Monthly), 2009, 15(07): 155-157.
[14] Chen Fadi, Jiang Jiafu, Fang Weimin. Study on the polyploidy induced by colchicine in Chrysanthemum chinense[J]. Shanghai Journal of Agriculture, 2002(01):46-50.
[15] Du Xianming, Zheng Suqiu. Experiment on polyploid mutation of Brassica chinensis[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University, 1995(01):25-29.
[16] Liu Huiji. Research and application of polyploid vegetable crops[J]. Yangtze River Vegetables, 1995(03):3-5.
[17] Huang Yu. Study on the tetraploid mutation and preliminary identification of black cabbage[D]. Yangzhou University, 2019.
[18] Zhang Jianjun, Yin Liqing, Fan Kunhua, et al. Induction of tetraploids of Chinese cabbage and lettuce by tissue culture[J]. Shanghai Journal of Agriculture, 1997(04):21-27.
[19] Zhang Chenghe, Shen Shuxing, Shang Aiqin, et al. Genetic analysis of 2n gametogenesis in Chinese cabbage[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2000(04):295-296.
[20] Preliminary report on the induction of polyploidy in the hybrid offspring of 2n gametes of Oriental lily [J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2004(06):635-637.
[21] Kang Xiangyang, Zhang Pingdong, Gao Peng, et al. Discovery of a new pathway for inducing triploid poplar by colchicine[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2004(01):1-4.
[22] Zhong Cheng, Zhang Shuning, Yu Xuhong, et al. Study on 2n gamete induction and sexual polyploidization to create tetraploid in Chinese cabbage[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2010, 37(11): 1789-1795.
[23] Liu Huiji, Wang Hua, et al. Breeding of tetraploid cold-resistant black cabbage[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1994, 17(2):118-120.
[24] Xie Weihua. Research on the induction technology of autotetraploid in cabbage[D]. Nanjing Agricultural University, 2002.
[25] Guo Qigao, Song Ming, Liang Guolu. Research progress on polyploid induction breeding in plants[J]. Bulletin of Biology, 2000(02):8-10.
[26] Zhang Zhenchao, Zhang Shuning, Zhang Wei, et al. Induction of tetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage and identification of chromosome ploidy [J]. Journal of Northwest Botany, 2007, 27(1): 28-32.
[27] Shang Aiqin, Zhang Chenghe, Liu Shixiong, et al. Polyploid mutation and cytological observation of Chinese flowering cabbage[J]. Henan Science, 1999(S1):13-16.
[28] Zhang Shuning, Zhang Jie, Sun Chengzhen, et al. Study on pollen viability and seed setting of autotetraploid broccoli[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 26(02): 238-242.
[29] Du Xianming, Zheng Suqiu. Experiment on polyploid mutation of Brassica chinensis[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University, 1995(01):25-29.
[30] Deng Yun, Zhang Shuning, Sun Minhong, et al. Using colchicine to produce high-quality, heat-resistant autotetraploid non-heading cabbage[J]. Wuhan Botanical Research, 2006(02):159-162.