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International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research

ISSN Online: 2575-7970 Downloads: 324348 Total View: 3033260
Frequency: bimonthly ISSN Print: 2575-7989 CODEN: IJCEMH
Email: ijcemr@hillpublisher.com
Article Open Access http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijcemr.2025.05.020

Helicobacter Pylori-mediated Premalignant Gastric Microenvironment: Cross-dimensional Regulation of Immune Response and Malignant Transformation of Gastric Stem Cells

Ke Liu

The Fifth Clinical Medical College, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.

*Corresponding author: Ke Liu

Published: June 6,2025

Abstract

Gastric carcinogenesis is a pathological process driven by multidimensional biological events initiated through Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The virulence factors CagA and VacA hijack host signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK, inducing epigenetic dysregulation (e.g., methylation silencing of CDH1 and RPRM) and initiating chronic inflammation via the Correa cascade. Within the inflammatory microenvironment, M2 macrophages and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) secrete cytokines such as IL-13 and IL-33, synergizing with the bile acid-FXR/TGR5 axis to promote transdifferentiation of gastric chief cells into spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). Concurrently, BMP antagonists and the KLF5-STAT3 feedback loop exacerbate lineage confusion and genomic instability. Gastric stem cells, particularly those located in the gastric isthmus, accumulate mutations under sustained metabolic reprogramming (CDX2 promoter demethylation) and intestinalization signals (CDX1/2-MUC2 axis), ultimately leading to malignant transformation. Single-cell and spatial omics technologies reveal spatiotemporal co-evolution of gastro-intestinal hybrid "chimeric cells" and profibrotic stroma. Clinical strategies integrating H. pylori eradication, AI-enhanced endoscopy, and targeted therapies against epigenetic/metabolic pathways are critical for precision intervention.

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How to cite this paper

Helicobacter Pylori-mediated Premalignant Gastric Microenvironment: Cross-dimensional Regulation of Immune Response and Malignant Transformation of Gastric Stem Cells

How to cite this paper: Ke Liu. (2025) Helicobacter Pylori-mediated Premalignant Gastric Microenvironment: Cross-dimensional Regulation of Immune Response and Malignant Transformation of Gastric Stem Cells. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research9(3), 358-362.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijcemr.2025.05.020