References
Adeeko, A. (2005). The slave’s rebellion: Literature, history, orature. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Akbar, N. (2003). Africentric social sciences for human liberation. In A. Mazama (Ed.), The afrocentric paradigm (pp. 131-143). Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc.
Althusser, L. (1966). Lettre sur la connaissance de l’art (réponse à André Daspre). In Lenin and philosophy and other essays (pp. 151-155). New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.
Ani, M. (1994). Yurugu. Lawrenceville, NJ: Africa World Press.
Arnold, J. A. (1981). Modernism and négritude: The poetry and poetics of Aimé Césaire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Asante, M. K. (1993). Malcolm X as a cultural hero & other afrocentric essays. Trenton, NJ: African World Press.
Asante, M. K., & Abarry, A. (1996). African intellectual heritage. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Asante, M. K., & Mazama, A. (2002). Egypt vs. Greece and the American academy. Chicago: African American Images.
Asante, M. K., & Karenga, M. (2006). Handbook of black studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Attridge, D. (1995). Singularities, responsibilities: Derrida, deconstruction and literary criticism. In C. Caruth & D. Esch (Eds.), Critical encounters: Reference and responsibility in deconstructive writing (pp. 109-110). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Bankole, K. (2004, October/November). Instructional themes in twentieth century African American women’s history. Africalogical perspectives.
Bankole-Medina, K. (2008). Afrocentricity and the force of the Asantian thought: Shifting paradigms and altering worlds. Africological perspectives, 5(1), 17-25.
Belinda. (1787). Petition of an African slave, to the legislature of Massachusetts. American museum, or repository of ancient and modern fugitive pieces, prose and poetical, 1, 538-540.
Ben-Jochannan, Y. (1991). African origins of the major “western religions” (Original work published 1970). Baltimore: Black Classic Press.
Bennett, L. (1984). Before the Mayflower: A history of the Negro in America: 1619-1964 (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Penguin Books.
Bernal, M. (1987). Black Athena: The afroasiatic roots of classical culture. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Bernstein, R. (1982). Philosophy in the conversation of mankind. Review of metaphysics, 32(4), 762.
Berry, M. F., & Blassingame, J. (1982). Long memory: The Black experience in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. New York, NY: Routledge.
Blaut, J. M. (1993). The colonizer’s model of the world: Geographical diffusionism and eurocentric history. New York: The Guilford Press.
Boahen, A. (Ed.). (1990). General history of Africa: Africa under colonial domination 1880-1935 (Vol. VII). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Browning, G., Halci, A., & Webster, F. (2000). Understanding contemporary society: Theories of the present. London: Sage Publications.
Butler, J. (1987). Variations on sex and gender: Beauvoir, Witting, and Foucault. In S. Benhabib & D. Cornell (Eds.), Feminism as critique. London: Basil Blackwell.
Césaire, A. (2001). Discourse on colonialism (J. Pinkham, Trans.). New York: Monthly Review Press.
Chinweizu, J., & Madubuike, I. (1983). Toward the decolonization of African literature. Washington, DC: Howard University Press.
Chinweizu, J. (1975). The West and the rest of us: White predators, Black slavers and the African elite. New York: Random House.
Conyers, J. L., Jr. (2004). The evolution of Africology. Journal of Black studies, 34(5), 640-652.
Cummings, J. F. (2005). How to rule the world. Tokyo: Blue Ocean.
Davidson, B. (1961). Black mother: The years of the African slave trade. Boston: Little Brown & Co.
Diop, C. A. (1974). The African origin of civilization: Myth or reality? (M. Cook, Trans.). Westport, CT: Lawrence Hill Books.
Dirlik, A. (1994). After the revolution: Waking to global capitalism. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
Douglass, F. (1994). Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave written by himself (Original work published 1845). New York, NY: Library of America.
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1986). In N. Huggins (Ed.), W.E.B. Du Bois: Writings. New York, NY: Library Classics of the United States, Inc.
Fanon, F. (1963). The wretched of the earth (R. Philcox, Trans.). New York: Grove Press.
Feagin, J. (2006). Systemic racism: A theory of oppression. New York, NY: Routledge.
Foucault, M. (1961). Folie et déraison: Histoire de la folie à l’âge classique. Paris, France: Plon.
Franklin, C. W. (1994). “Ain’t I a man?” The efficacy of Black masculinities for men’s studies in the 1990s. In R. Majors & J. U. Gordon (Eds.), The American Black male: His present status and his future (pp. 272-283). Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers.
Gaffin, V. N. (2006). The context of agency: Liberating African consciousness from postcolonial discourse theory. In M. K. Asante & M. Karenga (Eds.), Handbook of Black studies (pp. 282-300). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Gates, J. H. (1993-1994). Does academic correctness repress separatist or afrocentrist scholarship? The Journal of Blacks in higher education, (2), 40-48.
Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Gordon, L. (2008). An introduction to Africana philosophy. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Graham, M. J. (1999). The African-centered worldview: Toward a paradigm for social work. Journal of Black studies, 30(1), 103-122.
Gyekye, K. (1996). African cultural values: An introduction. Philadelphia, PA: Sankofa Publishing Company.
Habermas, J. (1989). The public sphere. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Hall, S. (1991). The local and the global: Globalisation and ethnicity. In A. King (Ed.), Culture, globalization and the world system. London: Macmillan.
Hall, S., & Du Gay, P. (1996). Questions of cultural identity. London: Sage.
Hilliard, A. (2003). Pedagogy in ancient Kemet. In A. Mazama (Ed.), The afrocentric paradigm (pp. 265-281). Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc.
Hobsbawm, E. (1989). The age of empire, 1875-1914. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Huggins, N. (Ed.). (1986). W.E.B. Du Bois: Writings. New York, NY: Library Classics of the United States, Inc.
Jahn, J. (1961). Muntu: An outline of the new African culture. New York: Grove Press.
James, G. M. (1954). Stolen legacy. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
Jameson, F. (1992). Postmodernism or the cultural logic of late capitalism. Duke University Press.
Jones, E. L. (1981). The European miracle: Environments, economies and geopolitics in the history of Europe and Asia. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Jones, G. (1991). Liberating voices: Oral tradition in African American literature. New York: Penguin Books.
Jones, W. (1973). Is God a white racist? A preamble to Black theology. New York, NY: Anchor/Doubleday.
Kant, I. (1952). The critique of judgment. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
Keto, T. (1994). The Africa centered perspective of history (Original work published 1989). London: Karnak House.
Kumar, K. (2000). Post-history: Living at the end. In G. Browning, A. Halcli, & F. Webster (Eds.), Understanding contemporary society: Theories of the present (pp. 57-70). London: Sage Publications.
Lacan, J. (1977). The mirror-stage as formative of the I as revealed in psychoanalytic experience. In Écrits: A selection (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co.
Laclau, E. (1990). New reflections on the revolution of our time. London: Verso.
Lewis, D. L. (1993). W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a race, 1868-1919. New York, NY: H. Holt.
Madhubuti, H. R. (1990). Black men: Obsolete, single, dangerous? The African family in transition. Chicago: Third World Press.
Mandel, E. (1968). Marxist economic theory (Vol. 2, pp. 443-444). New York: Monthly Review Press.
Mazama, A. (2001). The afrocentric paradigm: Contours and definitions. Journal of Black studies, 31(4), 387-405.
Mazrui, A. (1996). Africa's tripartite heritage: Towards cultural synthesis. In M. K. Asante & A. Abarry (Eds.), African intellectual heritage (pp. 210-217). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Mbiti, J. (1991). Introduction to African religion. Oxford, England: Heinemann Educational Publishers.
Memmi, A. (1967). The colonizer and the colonized. Boston: Beacon Press.
Modupe, D. S. (2003). The afrocentric philosophical perspective: A narrative outline. In A. Mazama (Ed.), The afrocentric paradigm (pp. 55-72). Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
Monteiro, A. (2000). Being an African in the world: The Du Boisian epistemology. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 220-249.
Monteiro-Ferreira, A. (2005). Reevaluating Zulu religion: An afrocentric analysis. Journal of Black studies, 35(3), 347-363.
Morrison, T. (1987). Beloved. New York: Plume.
Mudimbe, V. Y. (1994). The idea of Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; New York: Routledge.
Nascimento, A., & Nascimento, E. L. (1989). Brazil, mixture or massacre? Essays in the genocide of a Black people. Dover, MA: Ma-jority Press.
Nietzsche, F. (1969). Thus spoke Zarathustra. London: Penguin Books.
Nkrumah, K. (1961). I speak of freedom: A statement of African ideology. London: William Heinemann, Ltd.
Sabil, A. (2017). Cross-cultural discourse or the discourse of otherness. In R. Erguig, A. Boudlal, A. Sabil, & M. Yaou (Eds.), Cultures and languages in contact IV.
Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. New York, NY: Random House.