References
Albarracin, D. and S. Shavitt. (2018). Attitudes and Attitude Change. Annual Review of Psychology, (69): 299-327.
Baker, C. (2007). A Parents’ and Teachers’ Guide to Bilingualism. (3rd ed.). Multilingual Matters Ltd, xxii-xxiii, 1-5, 76-78.
Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. (5th ed.). Multilingual Matters Ltd, 140-142.
Chen, J. X. (2004). A Contrastive Study of Metaphorical Cognition in English and Chinese. PhD diss., East China Normal University.
Chen, S. and Zhou, J. (2014). Bilingualism: The Coexisting Opportunities and Challenges for Young Children. Global Education, (5), 78-86. doi: CNKI:SUN:WGJN.0.2014-05-009.
Creswell, J. and Clark, V. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). Translated and edited by Y. Yu and C. Fuping. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press.
Cushen, P. J. and Wiley, J. (2011). Aha! Voila! Eureka! Bilingualism and Insightful Problem Solving. Learning & Individual Differences, 21(4), 458-462. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2011.02.007.
Dai, M. C. (2011). National Language Capabilities, Language Planningand National Security. Applied Linguistics, (04), 123-131. doi: CNKI:SUN:YYYY.0.2011-04-020.
Edwards, A. L. (1941). Unlabeled Fascist Attitudes. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 36(4), 575-582. doi: 10.1037/h0062075.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.
Gardner, R. C., Smythe, P. C., Richard Clément, and Gliksman, L. (1976). Second Language Learning: A Social Psychological Perspective. Canadian Modern Language Review, 32(3). doi: 10.3138/cmlr.32.3.198.
Harley, B. (1986). Age in second language acquisition. Devedon: Multilingual Matters. In P. Allen, J. Cummins & M. Swain (Eds.), The Development of Second Language Proficiency. Cambridge University Press.
Hu, X. (2006). A Study of the English Teachers’ Professional Norms in the Eyes of the Learners. Master’s thesis, East China Normal University.
Hu, X. (2018). A Study of Early Children’s Learning Attitude and Tendency toward Chinese and English through Metaphor Analysis. PhD diss., East China Normal University.
Hu, X., Zhou, J., and Jin, L. (2018). Metaphor Analysis: A Study of Early EFL Children’s Attitude from Cognitive Perspective. Global Education 47: 75-88.
Jin, L. and Cortazzi, M. (2008). More than a journey: ‘learning’ in the metaphors of Chinese students and teachers. Researching Chinese Learners. Palgrave Macmillan, UK.
Jin, L. and Cortazzi, M. (2011). More than a Journey: “Learning” in the Metaphors of Chinese Students and Teachers. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jin, L., Zhou, J., Hu, X., Yang, X., Sun, K., Zhao, M., &Yang, F. (2015). Researching the Attitude and Perceived Experience of Kindergarten Learners of English and Their Parents in China. ELT Research Papers. www.britishcouncil. org.
Johnstone, R. (2009). An Early Start: What Are the Key Conditions for Generalized Success? In J. Enever. Moon & U. Raman (Eds.), Young Learner English Language Policy and Implementation: International Perspectives (pp. 31-141). Reading: Garnet Publishing.
Ka, I., Ip, Lucy, Shih-Ju, and Hsu, et al. (2016). Brain Cases of Morphological Processing in Chinese-English Bilingual Children. Developmental Science, 8. Doi: 10.1111/desc.12449.
Kearney, E. and Barbour, A. (2015). Embracing, Contesting and Negotiating New Languages: Young Children’s Early Socialization into Foreign Language Learning. Linguistics and Education, 31, 159-173. doi: 10.1016/j.linged.2015.07.005.
Kocaman, O. and Kocaman, N. (2012). Age Factor in Foreign Language Education at Preschool Level. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 55, 168-177. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.491.
Kramsch, C. (2003). Metaphor and the Subjective Construction of Beliefs. In P. Kalaja & A. M. F. Barcelos (eds.), Beliefs About SLA: New Research Approaches (pp. 109-128). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Kuhl, Patricia K. (2007). “Is Speech Learning ‘Gate’ by the Social Brain?”. Developmental Science, (10), 110-120.
Labov, W. (1982). Speech Actions and Reactions in Personal Narrative. In D. Tannen (ed.), Analysing Discourse: Text and Talk. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chic Press.
Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
Lakoff, G. and Tuner, M. (1989). More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chic Press.
Lee, H. and Kim, K. H. (2011). Can Speaking more Languages Enhance Your Creativity? Relationship Between Bilingualism and Creative Potential among Korean American Students with Multicultural Link. Personality & Individual Differences, 50(8), 1186-1190. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.039.
Leikin, M. (2013). The Effect of Bilingualism on Creativity: Developmental and Educational Perspectives. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17(4), 431-447. doi: 10.1177/1367006912438300.
Li, C. J. and Zhou, J. (2015). Review on Studies of the Executive Function of Bilingual Children. Global Education, (2): 59-71.
Li, Z. and Zou, L. (2009). On Some Basic Conceptions of Attitudes towards English Learners. Education and Teaching Research, (23): 10-12.
Lixian, J., Xiaohua, L., Changsheng, J., Jie, Z., Yuan, Y., and Qun, X. (2014). Studying the Motivations of Chinese Young EFL Learners through Metaphor Analysis. Elt Journal, (3), 286-298. doi: 10.1093/elt/ccu011.
Lu, M. and Liu, Z. Q. (2013). Metaphorical Analysis of Chinese Students’ Foreign Language Learning Attitudes. Foreign Language Education, (6), 39-42. doi: CNKI:SUN:TEAC.0.2013-06-012.
Mwalongo, L. J. (2016). Learning through English Language in Early Childhood Education: a Case of English Medium Schools in China. Journal of Education and Practice, 7, 28-35.
Nguyen, T. T. T. and Hamid, M. O. (2016). Language Attitudes, Identity and L1 Maintenance: A Qualitative Study of Vietnamese Ethnic Minority Students. System, 61, 87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.system.2016.08.003.
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). (2014). Understanding the Brain: The Brain of A Learning Science. Translated and edited by J. Zhou. Beijing: Educational Science Publishing House.
Patricia K., Kuhl. (2010). Brain Mechanisms in Early Language Acquisition. Neuron, (5).
Piaget, J. (1980). The Language and Thought of Children. Culture and Education, 187-196.
Qu, J. (2014). Research on Language Attitudes of Ethnic Minorities in Western Province of Hunan. PhD diss., Shanxi Normal University.
Rogoff, B. (2003). The Cultural Nature of Human Development. Oxford University Press.
Shen, W. B. and Yuan Y. (2015). Sociocultural Basis underlying Creative Thinking. Advances in Psychological Science, 23(7), 1169-1180.
Shu, D. F. (2000). Types of Linguistic MetaPhors and Their Syntactic and Semantic Features. Journal of Foreign Languages, (1), 20-28. doi: CNKI:SUN:WYXY.0.2000-01-004.
Shu, D. F. (2013). Reflections on the Planning and Layout of Foreign Language Education in China. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 45(03), 426-435. doi: CNKI:SUN:WJYY.0.2013-03-013.
Snow, C. E. and Hoefnagelhohle, M. (1978). The Critical Period for Language Acquisition: Evidence from Second Language Learning. Child Development, 49(4), 1114-1128. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1978.tb04080.x.
Sun, K. (2016). Metaphor Study on Xinjiang Uygur Children’s Attitudes of Chinese and Uygur. Master’s thesis, East China Normal University.
U.S. DERPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, U.S.DERPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. (2016). Policy Statement on Supporting the Development of Children Who Are Dual Language Learners in Early Childhood Programs.
Wang, F. X. and Xu, D. L. (2006). The Application of Metaphor in Students’ Cognitive Research. Journal of Xi’an Foreign Languages University, (6), 41-44. doi: CNKI:SUN:XAWX.0.2006-02-012.
Wang, S. Y. and Liu, Z. Q. (2003). Metaphors and the Teaching of Target Language Culture. Foreign Language Education, 24(1), 48-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5544.2003.01.011.
Wang, Y. (2002). The Philosophical Basis for Cognitive Linguistics: Embodied Philosophy. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, (34): 82-89, 160.
Wang, Y. (2009). The Latest Discovery of Neural Science Abroad for the Evidence of Language Embodiment—The 16th Paper on Language Embodiment Simulation Semantics. Foreign Language Education, (30): 1-6, 28.
Wu, J. S. and Yang, J. Y. (2012). An Empirical Study on Preschoolers’ English Learning. Guangdong Science & Technology, 21(11), 29-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5423.2012.11.019.
Wu, Z. D. (2005). Summary of the Study of Early Children’s English Education. Journal of Shenyang College of Education, 7(3), 109-112. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-3863.2005.03.035.
Xia, S. S. (2015). Research on English learning Situation of 4-6 Years Old Children in the Multi-Language Environment of Shanghai. Master’s thesis, East China Normal University.
Zhao, M. (2016). Research on English Learning Attitudes of 4-6 Years Old Children in Shanghai through Metaphor Analysis. Master’s thesis, East China Normal University.
Zhou, J. (2004). Reflections on the Orientation of English Education for Preschool Children in China. Studies in Preschool Education, (12), 4-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8169.2004.12.001.
Zhou, J., Han, C. H., Tang, J. Y., Chen, S., Zhang, L., Li, C. J., and Xia, S. S. (2014, March). Are We Immerse in the multicultural and multilingual Context?—A Survey on Parents and Teachers of Young Children in shanghai. A Key-note Presentation at the International Conference on Motivations of Primary Learners of English and Expectations of Their Parents in China Held at Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China.